Machine for turning irregular forms



8 Sheets-Sheet 1 (No Model.)

Patented Nov. 8,188.7.

(No Model.) 8 Sheets-Sheet 2.

vW. HOOPES.' MACHINE PGB. lIIRIIBIG IRREGULAR FORMS.

No. 372,796. Patented Nov. 8, 1887.

gms? 6o 1 ,1/Vme OULL 1./ 4'

gym' m N. PETERS, Pholumogm'phnr. wishingmn, D. C.

(No Model.\.' 8 Sheets-Sheet 3.

W. HOOPBS,

MAGHINB POR TURNING IRRBGULAR FORMS. No. 372,796.' Patented Nov.v8, 1887,

(No Model.) s sheets-sheet 4.

W. HooPEs.

MACHINE FON TURNING lINNEN-ELAN lFORMS. No. 372,796. Patented Nov. 8, 1887.

(No Model.) 8 Sheets-Sheet 5.

W. HOO'PES.

MACHINE POR TURNING-IRREGULAR FORMS.

No. 372,796. Pa @ma Nov. s, 1887.

8 Sheets-Sheet 6.

Sw E P O 0 H W (No Model.)

a MACHINE FOR TURNING IRRBGULAR FORMS.

Patented Nov. 8, 1887.

FIG, IO

fria.

FIGJI N. PETERS. Pholwljlllagmpher. Wahngkm. D. C.

(No Mdel.) s sheets-sheen 7.

Patented Nov. 8 1887.

L El E9 H r l vernr man WE Mw JAM/m1? E 2 N. PETERS, Phvwumugmpnnr. wasmngm. n.0.

(No Model.) 8 Sheots-Sheet 8.

W. Booms.

MACHINE POR TURNING IRRBGULAR FORMS. No. 372,796. 7 Patented Nov. 8, 1887.

@Vffc I N. PETERS` Phohrlhagnphef. Wishlngton. D. C.

UNITED STATES PATENT Fries.

WILLAM HOOPES, OF AVVES'I CHESTER, PENNSYLVANIA.

MACHINE FOR TURNING IRREGULAR FORMS.

SPECIFICATION forming part ofLetters Patent No. 372,796, dated November 8, 1887.

Application tiled April 25, 1887. Serial No. 236,122.

To all whom it may concern.-

f machine.

the left.

- Be it known that LYWILLTAM HooPEs, of West Chester, county of Chester, State of Pennsylvania, haveinvented a new and useful Improvement in Machines forTurningIrregular Forms, of which the following is a true and exact description,due reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates to machines for turning irregular forms, and especially for turning wagon and carriage spokes; and my object is to construct such machines so that their action shall bemore nearly automatic than has heretofore been the case, and to generally improve their construction and mode of operation.

My invention consists in the devices, improvements, and combinations hereinafter fully described, and which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, where they are shown in connection with a well-known form of machinery for turning irregular forms, and in which- Figurel is a front elevation of my improved Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the machine, taken at theleft end of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is an elevation of the other end of the machine. Fig. 4 is a cross section of my machine on the linexof Fig. 1, looking toward Fig. 5 is a section through one of my improved tracers on the line y y of Fig. 4; Fig. 6, a section of one of my guides on the line z z of Fig. 4. Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the left-hand end of my machine, showing thedevices for controlling and-stopping the forward motion of the carriage, causing the frame to move back from the cutters, and arresting the model in the desired position. Fig. 8 is a side view of the cam-wheel, by means of which the mechanism which applies the device for stopping the model in a determined position is actuated. Fig. 9 is a view of the mechanism by which the carriage is caused to return to the starting-point and of the brake and its actuating mechanism; Fig. 10, an enlarged view of a portion of the device shown in Fig. 9; Fig. 11, a view of the levers shown in Fig. 10, on the section-line o e of said figure. Fig. 12 is an enlarged view of the shaft G5 of Fig. 9, with its connected cranks. Fig. 13 is an enlarged view of the `clutch and drum at (No model.)

' theleft of Fig. 1, whereby at the end of the movement of the carriage the frame is thrown back from the cutters and the tension on the driving-beit released. Fig. 14 is aperspective View at the left of Fig. 1, showing a portion of the mechanism by which the motion of the carriage is made to change the speed of :rotation of the work to arrest its own motion and to insure the stoppage of the model in correct position. Fig. 15 is an enlarged view of the sliding bar M of Fig. 1, which bar is secured in bearings in the frame of the machine and actuated by the movement of the carriage. Fig. 16 is a side view of my eccentric device for moving the dead-center holding the work in and out. Fig. 17 shows the mechanism which throws the driving-belts of the workrevolving gears in and out of operative connection in the position in which the belttightening pulleys are both out of operation,

and Fig. 18 shows the same devices in theposition 4occupied just before the pulleys arel model and work are secured in the frame are old and well known, with the single exception of my improved double eccentric Ei, with straps and links e', connected with the spindle E on each side, as shown, so that the down ward movement of the lever e4 will force the center point of spindle E into the work with vdirectness and precision. The spring e2, connccted with lever e4, serves to press it downward and keep the center E in place. The mechanism secured upon the work-holding frame, which serves to revolve the model and work, is of ordinary construction. The short upright B is secured to the square shafts D D, and serves, together with the neighboring upright B, to support the journals of the short shafts S, F, and E. Upon the shafts S and E are secured gear-wheels FZ F2, these gears engaging with a pinion, F, on the driving-shaft F, which shaft receives its motion from a pulley-wheel, F3. IThe working-holding frame B B C D D is movable, its motion being to and I OO.

from the cutters P- and upon the journals of l desired point by adjustable clamps, as shown the square shaft C. The guides and tracers are supported in the ordinary way upon a'n upright bar or staek, O2, which is pivoted in a bearing surrounding and concentric with the shaft C and moving along it as the carriage moves. A spring, O, (see Figs. 3 and 4.,) is provided, which causes the guides and tracers to press against the model and work and follow the movements of the work-holding frame.

All of the abovedescribed structure is of ordinary construction with, the exception of my use ofthe three square shafts CD D, form-v ing the work-carrying frame. These shafts, in combination with the uprights B B B', add greatly tothe rigidity and stiffness of the frame, and hence effect an improvement both in the durability of the machine and the character of the work done by it.

O (see Figs. l, 3, and 4) is the frame and carriage upon which the cutters I are supported. This frame is supported on tracks o o on the :frame A of the machine. (Sec Fig. 4.) It is also, at its lower end, provided with a sleeve, O', through which the shaft G passes, (see Fig. 3,) and it derives its motion from a screw-shaft, K. In all of the above particulars the carriage O does not differ materially from those in use. The upper part ofthe carriage O, which supports the cutters, is a hollow frame, as shown in Fig. 1. The two side pieces of this frame are fitted to receive the bearings p, which sustain the shaft p', upon which are secured the cutters P and the drivingpulley P. I make each of these bearings p vertically and independently adjustable by means of a setscrew, as shown in the drawings, or any well-known equivalent device for such set-screw. By this means I am enabled to keep the shaft p' in correct aligmnent with the drivingshaft G, from which, by means of the pulley I, (which is secured upon the square shaft G and attached to the carriage O, so as to move with it along said shaft,) the pulley P is driven by means of a belt. This device of adjustable bearings for the shaft p also enables me to adjust the tightness of the driving-belt with great nicety, and has been found in practice to be a great in1- provement over the old devices, in which the journals of the shaft p were not adjustable.

The general plan of the guiding and tracing mechanisms, which, as I have already pointed out, follow the movements both of the cuttercarriage O and of the work-holding frame, is ofthe usual type. I have, however, made an improvement in this part of the mechanism which I have found improves the character of the work, and at the same time avoids the necessity of so often changing the guides and tracers, as is requisite with the old construe tions. This improvement is shown in Figs. 4, 5, and 6, and consists of providing wearingshoes Qf, provided with tenons conforming with a line of their wearing-faces, these tenons being adapted to slide in slots in the arms or levers to which the guides and tracers are secured, and to be clamped in said slots at any in the drawings.` The shoes are made considerably longer than has heretofore been the case with the wearing-face of the guides and tracers, and as they become worn the clamp is loosened and the shoe moved slightly in the curved or straight slot and then reclamped therein, so as to present a new and unworn face tothe model or work, as the case may be.

The main driving-shaft of the machine is that indicated on the drawings (see Figs. 2 and 3) by the letter G. This shaft receives its motion through pulleys H, Fig. 1, and, as already pointed out, communicates motion to the cutters by means of the pulley P, which turns with the shaft G while it moves along with the carriage O.

At one end of the shaft G pulleys G G2 are secured, which, by intermediate gearing, are so connected with the pulley K upon the shaft K as to actuate the shaftin the direction which causes the carriage O to move forward. (See Figs. l and 2.) At the other end of the drivingshaft is secured a pulley, K4, with belt running to a pulley, K", at the other end of the shaft K, said belt, when tightened, being adapted to reverse the motion of the shaft K.

The pulleys G G2 are of different diameters, and they connect, by means of belts gg, with pulleys G4 G, of different diameters, said pulleys being secured upon a sleeve running on the end of the shaft G. The outer end of this sleeve is provided with a pulley, J, preferably of the cone form shown, a belt, J, connecting this pulley with a pulley, K, also preferably of the cone form shown, and this pulley K can be made to engage or discngagc the shaft K by means of the clutch k. The other end of the sleeve secured to the pulleys G G is provided with a pulley-wheel, J, from which a belt, J, communicates motion and power to the driving-pulley F, which, as I have already explained, actuates the gearing which turns the model and work. It is, as is well known, necessary to change the speed of the cutters and of the carriage during the process of turning a spoke, the higli speed which is suitable for the turning of the rounded portion of the spoke not being suitable for the square end thereof. It is for this reason that the two sets of pulleys G G2 G4 G are provided, one pair being for high and the other for low speed. The large pulley Gt of the shaftG connects, by means of the belt g, with a small pulley, G, secured upon the shaft C, and the small pulley G connects, by belt y', with the large pulley G". Both these belts g g run loosely on the pulleys, and to bring them to a driving tightness it is necessary to use a pressure-pulley.

G5 and Gi (shown in Figs. 1, 2, 17, and 1S) are tightener-pulleys provided for this purpose, G5 being adapted to press upon the belt g, and G to press upon belt g. Generally speaking, the arrangement which I have just described is old; but I believe it to be new with me to place both pressure-pulleys on the slack side of the respective belts upon which ICO rod g2, as shown.

372,996 l p s they are intended to operate, and to secure'the same upon a centrally-pivoted frame,GT,oper ated by means of a lever, G2, and connecting- As is shown in the drawings referred to,the upward motion of the lever G5 causes the pressure-pulley G5 to press upon the fast-running belt, while the downward mo tion of the lever lifts the pulley G5 out ofcontact with its belt and causesthe pulley Gf topress upon the slow-running belt, the medium position of the lever relieving the pressure from both belts, so that no driving-power is applied to the pulleys G3 G4 from the shaft G.

The hereinbetore-described improvements can be used with advantage upon machinesy which have not the other and more radical improvenients in their Inode of operation,which I will now proceed to describe, although, as will be seen, they are well and, indeed, peculiarl y adapted for use in connection with these other improvements. Y

It will be most convenient in describingmy invention to consider the different parts as they would come into action during the turning of a spoke, althoughfasf the apparatus issomewhat complicated, it may be necessary, for the sake of clearness, to depart somewhat from this plan.

'Io begin,then,the frame B B C D Dis thrown away from the cutters when it is desired to insert a new blank, the frame moving forward or toward the spectator looking at the machine, as in Fig. l. The blank is inserted and clamped between the livespindle E and the deadcenter E' by means of the cam F, as

already described. The carriage O being then at the'extrerne right of its throw, the operator takes hold of the lever L', (see Figs. 1 and 3,) and by its means turns the shaft L, to which it is attached. The crank-arm L2, secured upon the shaft L, has attached to it a link or connecting-rod, L3, curved, as shown in Fig. 4, at the end attached to the crank L2, and at its other end provided with a slot, Z, which engages with a pin, l', on one of the uprights ofthe work-holding frame. rIhe revolution' of the shaft L, acting throughthis crank-arm L2 and link L3, throws the frame back against the cutters P. The function of the slotZ inthe link L3 is to permit of the normal oscillating or reciprocating movements of the frame holding the work .without interfering with the shaft L. At the end of the shaft L is secured another crank-arm, Lwhich, before the shaft L is turned `by the handle L', is in the position shown in full lines in Fig. l7-to wit-,with a pin or projection at its end, directly under a projection, i', of a rod, I. As the shaftLturnsv to throw the work-holding frame back against the cutters, this rod I is raised by the end of the crank L"to the position shown in the dotted lines of Fig. 17 and in full lines in Figs. 2 and 7. The rod I is pivoted at its lower end to the free end of the lever G8, which, through the connection g2, actuates the pressure-pulleys G5 G, and, as shown in the drawings referred to, the elevation of the rod .I upon the end of through the pulley J2 andfbelt J3 to the driv` ing-pulley F3, which, by means of its connected gearings, rotates the model and blank. The motion is also communicated through the pulley J and belt J' to the pulley K on the outer end of the shaft K'.

`Referring now to Fig. 7, where it is most clearly shown, it will be seen that a spring, I', is secured upon the upper end of the rod I. The lower end of this spring is arranged so as to be but slightly above the level of the table when the rod I is in its highest position. On the outer edge of the table a slot, I, is provided, which permits the rod I to move to and fro across the table and prevents it from inoving away from the table. As the rod I is elevated in this slot, the spring I'is pressed against the rod until its end Vcomes above the level of the slot, when it springs out and against a lever, K2, which is pivoted at k and connected at its shorter end with the clutch 7c. (See Fig. 1.) A light spring, k2, serves to keep the clutch k disengaged before the spring I', being more powerful and acting against the spring k2, throws it into connection with the pulley K. The action of the spring I' is such as to throw the lever K2 over until it engages with the catch 7a', which retains the lever and clutch in position.' rIhe engagement of this clutch Yr, which is secured by a feather uponthe screwshaft K', causes the said shaft to revolve and the cutter carriage Oto move forward, and the cutters P being always in operation the machine now is at full work and the process of cutting the spoke going on.

Upon the front edge of the frame or table A, I secure a bar, M, in suitable guides, which permit it to slide up and down the table. This bar is best shown in Figs. 14 and 15. An adjustable shoulder, -Mi,in the lpresent case, is adapted to engage with a projecting finger from the carriage O, (see Fig. 4,) so that the carriage in moving forward at a suitable time engages with the bar M and causes it to move forward with it. As the bar M moves forward its end m comes in contact with one arm of a bell-crank lever, M, (see Fig. 7,) and as the bar continues to advance it causes the said lever to turn, and by means of its other arm, which presses against the outer edge of the rod I, pushes the said rod backward until it is thrown off of its resting-place on the end of the crank L. A suitable slot being provided to permit the spring to clear the table in this position, the rod I falls of its own weight to the position shown in Fig. 18, carrying the lever GS down with it, and through this lever throwing the high speed pressure-pulley G5 out of connection and the low-speed pressurepulley Gb into connection, thus changing instantly both the speed of the revolution of the IOO IIO

model and blank and the speed with which the carriage O is advancing. This of course takes place at the end of the oval part of the spoke and when the machine is about to turn the square portion thereof. I would also note at this point that the bellcrank lever M is provided with a spring, m4, which causes it to re turn to a normal position when the rod M is not in contact with it.

Upon the bar M is secured a springbolt, M m', and in connection with it a wedge, M2. As the bar M continues to advance, the end of the spring-bolt Meomes in contact with the lever K2, and its spring is compressed as the bar advances and until the wedge M, sliding underneath the lever K2, lifts it out of its detent projection k', when the compressed spring tlies rapidly ont, throwing the lever with it and withdrawing the clutch k from the pulley K, thus instantly stopping the advance ofthe carriage O. lefore, however. the motion of the carriage is stopped the wedge-shaped adjusta ble appliance mi passes beneath the arm N (see Figs. 7 and it) and raises it and the shalt N up to a height where the other end of the har N is above the hook FG. The purpose of this will be more conveniently explained hereinafter.

Returning now to the movable frame of the machine, it will be noticed thatI continue the shaftE out beyond the frame and secure upon its end a cog-wheel, R. The end of the square shaft D, below the shaft E, is also corres-pondingly prolonged outside of the frame, and upon this prolongation,which is turned round. I secure another cog-wheel, It', and inside of it a drum, R2, both running loosely upon the shaft. A clutch arrangement', r, is provided between the cog-wheel It' and the drulu It?, but is normally kept disengaged by means of a spring, V. (See Fig. 13.) The cog-wheel R is of course kept in constant operation as long as the shaft E rotates. The pivoted lever Vl is attached to a collar on the hub of the cog R', and at its lower end is pivoted to a rod, V2, which said rod has a hook,- u, at its end, passing around and outside of a prQjection,a,upon the lever K. (See Fig. 7.) Secured to the drum R2 is a chain, It, which passes around a sprocket-wheel, It, said sprocket-wheel being permanently fastened upon the fixed frame ol' the machine and having` secured upon it, or in such way as to move with it, a cani, R5. After passing from this sprocket-wheel, the chain is continued downward and connected at its lower end with a lever, R, which has a weight, Its, secured at the extremity of the saine end to which the chain is attached, and a hook, Bl, secured at its other end. As will be noticed in Fig. 7, the movable workholding frame has secured to it a curved arm, t, at the end of which is a roller, T, which is in contact with the cam It of the sprocketwheel Rt. In this saine drawing will be noticed a bell-crank lever, \V, pivoted upon an arm, V, of the movable frame at a point, w. One arm of this bell-crank is adapted to engage with a prolongation of the rod V2. The other arm is adapted to come in contact with the stop W2 under the conditions which I am about to describe.

Returning now to the operation of the machine, as the lever K2 is thrown over, as already described, to release the clutch 7c and stop the motion of the carriage, the projection .u engages with the hook u of the rod V2 and pulls the rod outward. This causes the pivoted lever V to turn and press the cog-wheel R in toward the drum R2 until the clutch r is engaged. The drum It'z then revolves with the cog-wheel It and winds up the chain R3. As the chain is wound up, it of course rotates the sprocket-wheel R and cam Said cam,press ing against the roller T forces the work-holding frame forward and away from the cutters, and by means of the link L, secured to the frame and to the crank-arm L2, turns the shaft L back to the position in which we iirst considered it, the curvature at the end of the link L, which connects with the crank U, permitting a greater revolution of the shaft than would be possible were the link straight. Vhile the work-holding frame is being thrown forward in this way the chain is also elevating the end of the lever It, to which itis attached, and depressing the opposite end with its hook Itl. This hook in its downward mot-ion passes beneath the pin t' on thc rod I and engages it, as is shown in Fig. 1S. As the work-,holding frameis pressed forward by the cam, bell-crank lever \V approaches the stop VZ on the main frame of the machine, and at the end of the throw of the frame the end of the bell-crank comes in contact with the stop and is turned by it, so that its other end, engaging with the prolongation of the rod V2, acts to press the said rod back to its first position. This throws the gear-wheel It away from the drum and disengages the clutch r, the spring V also coaeting to accomplish the saine result; and either the bell-erank or spring could be used alone for this purpose. The disengagement of the clutch 1" permits the drum to revolve freely on its bearing, and the chain It, by means ot' its own weight and the weighted lever to which it is attached, runs rapidly downward, the lever It returning to its normal position and raising the rod I, and its attachments with it,to the position shown in Fig. 17, said position being` that in which both of the pressure-pulleys and G are out of operative contact with the belts g g', and such being the ease,of course the gearing driven from the pulley J Z and that driven froin the'pulley J soon come to rest. Before, however, the drivingpulley F3 and its attached gearing have come to a standstill they have another function to perforni.

It will be noticed that in Figs. l and 8 a cam projectiomf, is shown as secured upon the gear-wheel F", and that in Figs l. and 14 there is shown a hook-like projection on the edge of the drivingpulley F, (said projection being marked f.) A spring-hook, Ft, secured IOO IIO

tothe frame of the machine, is adapted to engage with this projection f under the following conditions, and for the purpose described.

Referring n ow especially to Figs. 7 and 14, it will be seen that I secure upon the frame of my machine an upright standard, N, which supports the bearings of an upright shaft, N. vThis shaft is free to slide up and down to some extent in lits bearings, but isprovided with a spring, n, which keeps it normally in its downward position. At the upper end of the shaft N is a crank, to which is secured a projecting stop device, N2. Atits lower end is a cross bar, N, one end of which passes over the barMand the other end across a projecting rod, F5, secured at one end to the springhook F4 and having a hook, F6, at its other end. In normal'position the crossbar N3 engages with this hook F, but, as I have already pointed out, it is raised up out of engagement with the hook by means of the wedge m3, which lifts it just at the end of the forward movement of the bar M. iNow, as the work holding frame is thrown forward, the cam f on the wheel Fzcomes in contact with the end of the stop projection N2 as the wheel F2 re volves, and each revolution of the wheel thus c uises the shaft N,with its cross-bar N,to turn in its bearings, the spring n serving to bring it back to its normal positionwhen the cam passes out of Contact with N2. Before the gearing (of which the wheel F2 forms a part) comes to a rest the bar M is moved backward by means which I will hereinafter describe, and wedge ma thus withdrawn from'beneath the cross-bar N3, permitting it to fall back to its normal position, when it engages with the hook FG, and when next oscillat-ed by the contact ofthe cam f with the stop Ni it throws the spring-hook F4 forward close to the rim of the driving-pulley F3, so that when the projection f comes in Acontact with the hooked end of F4 it grasps it and stops the driving-pulley and all of the gearing driven by it in a fixed and regulated position. The model and work are by this means always stopped in the same position, so that the operator knows without eX- amination exactly how to place the next blank in the machine. Y

Returning now to the operation of throwing the work-holding fra-me forward and away from the cutters, as this frame is moved away by the earn R5 the supporting-shaft C turns with it; Attached to the end of this shaft C is a cianlclever, C', rigidly secured upon the shaft G, and having at its upper end a bar, O2, projecting from it, as shown in Figs. 10 and 11. Across the top of this projection C2 lies a rod or bar, G3, which is provided with a lug or projection, c', preferably secured upon it so as to be adjustable, as shown in Fig. 9, and so placed as to engage the bar C'l when said bar is in the p osition it occupies when the frame is against the cutters. (See Figs.3, 10, and 11.) One end of this rod or bar G3 is secured to a hanger, K, which (see Figs. 3 and 9) is suspended on a projection from the frame of the machine at k6, and has at its other end a pressure-pulley, K5. The other end of the'bar C3 lies across the path of the sliding bar M. As will be at once seen, (see Fig. 3,) the revolution ofthe shaft C and crank-lever C will, by means of its engagement with the projection c on the bar G3, draw the pressure-pulley K5 against the belt 7c, thus placinLr the pulley K4 upon the shaft G and the pulley K3 upon the shaft K in operative connection and causing the shaft K to turn in such wise as to move the carriage O back to place of beginning. As this carriage` moves backward, it again engages thebar M through a stop, M4, (see Fig. 1,) and causes the said bar M to slide backward until a wedge, M5, at its end elevates the end of rod C3 sufficiently to disengage the projection c' from the bar C2 and lever C', when the pressure-pulley K5 is at once released from its operative contact with the belt k".

In Fig.,9 the lever C', bar M, bar C3, andi the connected mechanism are shown in the relative positions they occupy when the carriage O has moved back to the place of beginning, the wedge-surfaces ML and M6 have raised the bar C3 high enough to elevate the lug c above the bar C2, and the bar C3 has moved forward, relieving the pressure of pulley K5 on belt kt. It is while the various parts are in the position shown in Fig. 9 thatV the work-holding frame is thrown back into operative position, and of course the rod C2 on lever C' will pass under lug c without touching it, as the b ar M is not withdrawn from under bar C3 till the carriage O is well advanced on its forward movement. I have, however, made the back of lug c' curved, as shown iu Fig. 9, so that even if the bar O2 should strike against it in its backward movement as would be the case, for instance, if the frame was thrown for; ward for any reason after bar M was withdrawn from under bar Ci)A it would raise the bar Caandvpass under said lug. I have found, however, that it is desirable to check the revolution of the shaft K by means of a brake, and I therefore provide a braking device, the details of which are shown in Figs. 3, 9, 10, 11, and 12.

In a proper bearing upon the frame of the machine Isecure what is in effect a bell-crank lever, C5. (See Figs. 9 and l2.) To the short arm or crank of this lever C, I attach a bent bar or frame, C, which passes beneath the pulley K3 and supports a brake-shoe, C7. The other end of this rod C is supported by means of a pin, ct, upon the rod G3. To the other or long arm of lever G5, I attach a bar, 0*,.which I provide with a detent, c5, adapted to engage with the crossbar G2 of lever G. The length of the bar C4 is adjustable by means of a screw at its end connecting with the crank-arm of G5. Now, as the work-holding frame moves away from the'cutters, the lever G', turning with it, will throw the rod Ct forward and turn the crankC, bringing the brake-shoe@7 nearly, but not quite, into contact with the periphery i co of the driving-pulley K3. This same motion of the lever G, as I have already explained, tightens the belt It and sets the shaft Iin action to return the cutter-carriage to the place of beginning. The bar M having, as aforesaid, been engaged by the carriage O on its return motion, the wedge M5 at its end first lifts the bar C, so as to disengageits projection c from the cross-bar C2 and free the pressure-pulley K5. This elevation of the end of the bar C, acting through the rod C, which rests upon it, brings the brake-shoe CT into still closer proximity with the periphery of the pulley K, and as the bar M continues to advance the wedge M, passing under the end of bar G3, raises it still higher and clamps the brake-shoe tight against the wheel, thus effectively checking its rotation and any further movement of the carriage O. Then now it is desired to again start the machine, andthe work-holding frame is thrown back toward the cutters, the lever C', tu-rning with the frame and toward the bellcrank C5, permits the rod Cl to move in the same direction, and the bell-crank U5 is thus turned, and the brakeshoe C7 drops away from the periphery of the pulley K, permitting the shaft K to revolve freely.

The operation of my machine is,by the abovedescribed appliances, made automatic from the beginning of each operation of turning a spoke until the return of the mechanism into position to begin the turning of another spoke,and the machine therefore requires much less attention from the operator than is the case with any of the machines in use for similar purposes. Many of the devices by which I attain this desirable result can be modified in form, and for several of such devices other equivalent mechanism could readily be substituted. Many of such are also independently useful and essential, even if the machinery is not organized to be automatic in its actions to the same extent that I have shown and described.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

l. In amaehine for turning irregular forms, substantially asspecified,thecombinatiomwith the movable spindle or center E', of the double eccentric E, having links e c', secured to both sides of said spindle, and the actuating-lever c, all substantially as and for the purpose specified.

2. In a machine for turning irregular forms, substantially as specified, guides or tracers consisting of wearing-shoes having their surfaces prolonged and provided with tenons conforming in line with their wearing-faces, ,and clamping arms or holders provided with slots curved or straight to conform to the tenons of the shoes and provided with adjustable clamps, whereby the shoes can be moved and secured at will in the clamping-arms, all substantially as specified, so that the contact-surfaces of said guides or tracers can be adjusted to present different wearing-surfaces to the model and blank.

3. In a machine for turning irregular forms, substantially as specified, the combination, with the driving-pulleys G G'l and the belts g g', of the pressure-pulleys G G", secured in a centrally-pivoted frame, G7, and placed, as shown and described, so as to act on the slack sides of belts y g', and mechanism for actuating said frame to bring the pressure-pulleys into operation, as desired.

4. In a machine for turning irregular forms, substantially as specified, the combination, with the driving-pulleys G G and the belts g g', of the pressure-pulleys G5 G, secured in a centrally-pivoted frame, G7, and placed, as shown and described, so as to act on the slack sides of belts gg', the pivoted lever G, connecting-rod g2, and mechanism for actuating the lever to bring the pressure-pulleys into operation as desired.

5. In a machine for turning irregular forms, substantially as specified, the combination of the rod I, pivoted on the free end ofthe lever GS, which controls the adjustment of the pressure-pulleys Gfand G,substantially as specified, theguide slot lsecured on the frame of themachine, a stop or shoulder upon which the rod is sustained in its highest position,the bellcrank lever il 5, and the sliding bar M, whereby the motion of the carriage is made to effect an immediate change in the speed of the niachine at the desired point.

6. In a machine for turning irregular forms, substantially as specified, the combination of the rod I, having shoulder t', and pivoted on the free end of a lever, G8, which controls the adjustment ofthe pressure-pulleys G and G, substantially as specified, the guide-slot I2, which limits the are through which the rod I can turn on its pivot, and the crank-arm L,

secured on the shaft L and arranged to engage the shoulder i of rod I and elevate the rod and its attached lever GB when the shaft L is rotated to throw the frame into operative position with the cutters.

7. In a machine for turningirregular forms, substantially as specified, the combination of the rod I, having shoulder t" and pivoted on the free end of a lever, G8, which controls the adjustment of the pressure-pulleys G" and G, substantially as specified, the guide-slot I2, which limits the arc through which the rod I can turn on its pivot, the crank-arm L, secured on the shaft L and arranged to engage the shoulder z" of rod I and elevate the rod and its attached lever GB when the shaft L is rotated to throw the frame into operative position with the cut-ters, the sliding bar M, actuated by the carriage, and the bell-crank lever M, which, when pressed by the end of bar M, throws the rod I away from the crank L4, freeing the shoulder t" and allowing the rod and lever Gs to fall and change the speed ofthe gearing in the frame.

S. In a machine for turning irregular forms,

IOO

'the clutch-leve`r K2 over ner as to engage a pin, t', on rod I when said rod is at its lowest position and the end of lever R5 is depressed, said lever havinga weight, R5, secured at its other end in such manner as to counterbalance the weight of rod I and its attachments, a cord or chain, R3, by

which the Weighted end oflever It is elevated, and thehook R7, engaged with pin 'i and mechanism for actuating said cord or chain.

9. In a machine for turning irregular forms, substantially as specified, the combination of the pressure-pulleys G5 G5, arranged to act upon the driving-belts g g', as specified, and actuated through a pivoted lever, G5, the rod I, pivoted on the end of lever Gs and havinga Spring, I', secured to it, the clutch-lever K2, actuating the clutch k, whereby the screw-shaft K is engaged or disengaged,and the detent k', secured upon the frame A so as to engage and retainnthe lever K2 when forced over by spring I', all substantially as shown and described, so that the elevation of the rod I at the same time causes the .engagement of a pressure-pulley with adriving-belt connected with and driving the gearing of the Work'holding or movable frame,and also,by means of its spring I, forces to engage the screwshaft K.

10, In a machine for turning irregular forms,

substantially as specified, the combination ofv the' rod I,pivoted on the free end of lever G5,

which actuates the pressure-pulleys G5 G5, substantially as specified, said rod having shoulder z", pin e', and spring I', the weighted lever R5, having hook R7, and cord or chain R3, for actuating it, the shaft L, having crank-arm L4, thebell-crank lever M5, the sliding bar M, the frame A, having guide-slot I2 and detent 7c', and the clutch lever K2, all substantially as and for the purpose specified, so that at the proper point in the travel of the carriage the bar M,acting through lever M5, will throw the rod I off the arm Lt, allowing it to fall and. change the speed of the gearing in the workholding frame, then, by means of hook R7, elevating rod I to a point where both pressurepulleys Willbe disengaged and sustaining it there until the revolution of shaft L raises it again to its rst position by means of crank L4, said elevation bringing the force of spring I to bear on lever K2 to engage its clutch and force it into detent k.

1l. In a machine for turning irregular forms, substantially as specified', the combination of the rod I, pivoted on the free end of lever GE, which controls the adjustment ofthe pressure` pulleys G5 G5, the Weighted lever R5, Ahaving hook Rhadapted to engage with a pin on rod I, as specified, and a chain or cord, R5, to elevate it, a drum, R2, running loosely on shaft D and attached to chain R5, a gear-wheel, R, also loosely journaled on shaft D, and geared with a pinion on a spindle, E, forming part of the mechanism which vrotates the blank, a clutch, V, whereby the drum R2 and gear-wheel R are engaged, pivoted lever V, for engaging and disengaging the clutch V, bent rod V2, having a projection, u, adapted to engage with a lug, u', on clutch-lever K2, clutclrlever K2, having lug a', arranged to engage projection u of rod V2 and through it engage the clutch V when lever K2 is thrown to disengage the clutch directly controlled by it, and mechanism, substantially as described, for disengaging clutch V and allowing the weighted lever R5 to fall and elevate rod I when the frameis thrown away from the cutters, all substantially as and for the purpose specitied.

12. Inamachine for turning irregular forms, substantially as specified, the combination of the rod I, pivoted on the free end of lever G5, which controls the adjustment ofthe pressuref pulleys G5 G5, the weighted lever R5, having hook R2, adapted to engage with a pin on rod I, as specified, and a chain or cord, It, to elevate it, a drum, R2, running loosely on shaft D and attached to chain R5, a gear-wheel', R', also loosely journaled on shaft D and geared with a pinion on a spindle, E, forming part of the mechanism which rotates the blank, a clutch, V, whereby the drum R2 and gear-wheel R are engaged, pivoted lever V',for engaging and disengaging the clutch V, bent rod V2, having a proj eetion, a, adapted to engage with a lug,

u', on clutch-lever K2, clutch-lever K2, having lug a', arranged to engage projection a of rod V2 and through it engage the clutch V when lever K2 is thrown to disengage the clutch directly controlled by it, and a bell-crank lever, W, arranged in connection with rod V2 and a stationary stop, Vv'2, so as to return rod V2, to

the frame is thrown away from the cutters, all substantially as and for the purpose specied. t

` 13. In a machineior turning irregular forms, substantially as specified, the combination of drum R2 and clutch mechanism for throwing it in gear by the disengagement ofthe lcverK'i, which controls the clutch by which connection is made kbetween screw-driving shaft K and the pulleys K, arranged substantially as shown and described, the chain or cord R3, actuating the lever R5, as described, and` the sprocketwheel R4, having a cam, R5, adapted to engage with the frame holding the model, 8vo., and thrust said frame away from the cutters when the clutch V is engaged,substantially as shown and described. y

14. Inamachine for turningirregular forms substantially as specified, the. combination of the clutch-lever K2, adapted to engagein a detent, k', in the frame of the machine, and the sliding bar M, havingspring-bolt M and wedge M2, whereby the boltvM is pressed against the lever K2, compressing the spring m as the carringe advances until the wedge M2 releases the lever from detent7c,when the spring forces the lever over quickly, releasing the clutch 7e.

I OO

its first position and disengage clutch V when IIO 15. In a machine forturning irregular forms, substantially as specified, the combination of clutch-1ever K2, having spring k2, tending to hold the lever in position to keep the clutch K uncoupled, and the rod I, having spring I, which, when said rod is elevated, presses against lever IU, overcoming spring k2 and forcing` the clutch la to engage.

16. Inamaehinefortmningirregularforms, substantially as specified, the combination of the clutclraetuatng lever K,having spring k2, arranged to keep the clutch disengaged when the lever is free from its detent k', the sliding bar M, having spring-bolt M and wedge M, for releasing the lever from its detent and throwing it rapidly to disengage the clutch, and the rod I, arranged in connection with the mechanism controlling the pressure-pulleys, substantially as specified, and having a spring, I, which engages the lever K'Z when rod I is elevated and forces it into the detent k', all substantially as and for the purpose specified.

17. Inamachineforturningirregularforms, substantially as specified, the spring-clutch F", having a hooked arm, F5 F, and the drivingpnlley F, having a detent-lug,f, secured near its periphery, in combination with a shaft, N, journaled in a frame, N, so as to haveaturning motion therein, and having a crank-arm and stop, N2, at its upper end and alever, N3, at its lower end, and a cam,-f, secured on one of the gear-wheels of the work-holding frame, all substantially as shown and described, so that when the frame is moved away from the cutters the said cam will come in contact with the stop on crank-arm N2, causing the shaft N to turn and drawing the clutch F* into position to engage the detentf by means of the lever N3 and the hooked bar F5 F6.

1S. In a machine for turning irregular forms, substantially as specified, the spring-clutch F, and having a hooked arm, FF, and the driving-pulley F, having a detent-lug,f, secured near its periphery, in combination with a shaft, N, journaled ina frame, N, so as to have both aturning and sliding motion therein, and having a crank-arm and stop, N2, at its upper end and a crossbar or lever, N3, at its lower end, a cam, f, secured on one of the gear-wheels of the workholding frame, and so placed as to come in contact with and aetnate the stop on crank NL when the frame is thrown away from the cutters, and a wedge secured on the sliding bar M,.as specified, so as to elevate the bar-lever N3 above the hook F before the cam fengages with the stop N`2 and to drop the said barlever, permitting it to engage the hook F and apply clutch F* at a determined point in the backward movement ofbar M, all substantially as shown and described, so that the motion of the gearing in the frame may be arrested in a fixed and determined position immediately after the driving-belts which actuate it are released.

19. In a machine forturning irregular forms, substantially as specified, the combination, with the frame B B D D C, which holds the model and work and the mechanism for actuating them, and the shaft L, having handlelever L and lever L2, of the link or connecting-rod L, having one end curved and attached to lever L2, so as to permit said lever to turn with shaft L to a line parallel to or below the line ofthe points of attachments of the link L, and its other end provided with a slot, l, adapted to engage with a pin, Z', on the frame, all substantially as shown and described, and so that the frame can be thrown toward the cutters by means of the rotation of shaft L, while at the same time the oscillations of the frame in following the model take place independently of and without moving the connecting-link L3.

20. In a machine for turning irregular forms, substantially as specified, the shaft L, having handle-lever L and levers L2 and L, the frame B B D D G, and the lever G, actuating and controlling the pressure-pulley G5 G, substantially as specified, in combination with the bent and slotted link L" and the rod I, pivoted on the end of lever Gf8 and provided with a stop, i, and guideslot in the frame of the machine,

.all substantially as shown and described, so

that the turning of shaft L by means of lever L will simultaneously throw the frame toward the cutters and apply the pressure-pulley to the driving-belt which actuates the gearing in said frame.

2l. In a machine for turning irregular forms, substantially as specified, the shaft L, having handle-lever L and levers L9 and L, the frame B B D D C, the lever GE, actuating and controlling the pressure-pulley Gf G, substantially as specified, and the lever K, control ling the clutch which connects the carriagedriving shaft K and the pulleys which drive it forward, in combination with the bent and slotted link L:s and the rod I, pivoted on the end of lever G8 and provided with a stop, t, spring I', and guide-slot in the frame of the machine, all substantially as shown and described, so that the turning of shaft L by means of lever L will simnltancouslythrow the frame toward the cutters, apply the pressure-pulley to the driving-belt which actuates the gearing in said frame, and throw lever K2 into position to engage clutch k and start the carriag on its forward travel.

22. In a machine for turning irregular forms, substantially as specilicd, the screw-shaft K', having pulley K3, geared with the drivingshaft G se as to be turned by said shaft in the direction to reverse the motion of carriage O, the suspended pressure-pulley K5, controlled by bar C, having detent c', adapted to engage with lever C', attached to shaft C of the frame, and the wedge M5 on sliding bar M, all arranged substantially as shown and described, in combination with shaft C", having crankarms, as spccied, rod C, attached to one of said crank-arms, and having detent c5, whereby it is engaged and drawn back by 1e- IOO IIO

ver C' when the frame is thrown away from arm or shaft G5 at one end and resting on bar C3 at the other, said rod carrying a brakeshoe, C7, and a wedge, M, on bar M, situated behind and above wedge M5, all substantially as and for the purpose specied, so that the throwing of the frame away from the cutters will, through lever C', at the same time apply the pressure-pulley K5 to belt 7a4, causing the carriage to return, and by drawing the bar C4 forward cause the shaft C5 to rotate, bringing the brake-shoe C7 close to the pulley K, the releasing of detent o' of bar C3 by the action of wedge M5-wi1l, at thesarne time that it releases pressure-pulley K5, bring the shoe closer to the pulley'by elevating' the end of the rod C6, resting on the rod C3, the further elevation of the rod G3, by means of wedge M6, will cause the application of the brake to pulley K3, and the throwing back of the frame and lever C toward the cutters will release the brake by allowing bar O4 to move forward, the shaft `0" to turn, and the shoe-carrying bar C6 to fall.

23. In a machine for turning irregular forms, substantially as specified, the combination of the-work-carrying frame supported and pivoted upon shaft C, having an arm, t, and the drum R2, secured upon it and adapted to engage with the gearing of said frame by means of a clutch, V, and having also a lever, C', engaged with a pressure-pulley adapted to engage the carriage-driving shaft, with a belt geared to drive it in the reverse direction, the belt-gearing connecting the gearing of the frame with the driving-shaft, said gearing being controlled by the pressurepulleys G5 G6, actuated by lever GB and rod I, as specified, the cutter-carriage O, actuated by screw-shaft K', the clutch-1ever K2, controlling the clutch lc, which connects the shaftv K' with the forward driving-pulleys, thevslidng bar M,lhav ing app1iances,as specified,which operate successively to change the speed of the gearing in the frame to throw off the clutch k and in its return motion tothrow off the pressure-pulley acting to return the carriage to the startingp-oint, the chain R3, attached to drum R2 and lever R and passing over a cam sprocket-wheel, R4 R5, secured to The' frame ofthe machine, the weighted lever R5, having hook R7, and the shaft L, having handle L', lever-arms L2 and L", said shaft being connected with the movable frame by a link, La, all substantially as and for the purpose specified, so that the throwing of the movable frame toward the cutters by the rotation of shaft L causes the pressurepulleys to engage the gearing of the said frame with the driving-shaft, and the drivingshaft K to engage with the driving-pulleys, which drive it in the direction which causes the car,

riage O to move forward, said carriage in'its lforward motion, and by means of bar M, first lever R6 to elevate rod I to a position where it 

